The concrete expanded pile is a new type of pile in the field of foundation engineering, which exhibits improved performance\ncompared to the ordinary straight-hole pile. The expanded technique increases the bearing capacity of the pile, changes the overall\nload-bearing function of the pile body, and offers great development prospects. While the performance of the expanded pile has\nbeen studied for vertical loading, the performance of expanded pile when subjected to horizontal loading is not adequately\nunderstood. In order to investigate the performance of concrete expanded pile in resisting horizontal loads, particularly the antioverturning\ncapacity of rigid and flexible piles, this paper conducts an experimental model test and performs a numerical\nsimulation. In the experiment, an innovative model test method is used for testing small-scale half-face pile with undisturbed soil.\nA custom-made soil extractor and a loading device are used to observe various stages of pile-soil interaction in real-time during\nthe whole process of loading. Meanwhile, finite element simulation analysis is conducted on a pile model and the corresponding\ndata on displacement, load, stress, and strain are collected to verify the experimental results. Based on the horizontal bearing\ncapacity of rigid and flexible piles and the failure states of soil mass around the piles, two calculation models are proposed for the\nhorizontal bearing capacity of rigid and flexible concrete expanded piles. The models will provide reliable theoretical guidance for\nthe application of concrete expanded pile in engineering applications and for the research and development of pile foundation.
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